Macromolecular Engineering: From Precise Synthesis to Macroscopic Materials and Applications
During the last decades, high-throughput and high-output (HT/HO) techniques have become essential approaches to extent the performance of a considerable large number of experiments in shorter periods of time and/or more cost-effective ways than traditional methodologies. Advances on HT/HO techniques, in particular in organic synthesis, date back to the 1950s. Since then, HT/HO methods have attracted much interest in parallel as well as combinatorial synthesis in different fields of research, such as pharmaceutical, organic and inorganic chemistry, materials science, cata-lysts, and polymer science. Over last two decades, HT/HO approaches have been implemented in polymer laboratories and demonstrated to be potent techniques in polymer research. In this regard, investigation based on HT/HO experimentation has enabled promising approaches in the field since it is possible to evaluate a large number of polymer parameters including molar mass, dispersity, microstructure, polymerization kinetics, and physical properties, such as hardness, stiffness, viscosity, to mention only a few. Rapid investigations of a great variety of polymerization processes have been carried out under HT/HO approaches such as anionic, cationic, ring-opening, metal-catalyzed polymerizations of olefins, polycondensations, free radical and reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs), including, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP), and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) . Moreover, different polymerization methods and processes have also been adapted to HT/HO workflows such as emulsion, suspension, microwave-assisted, high-pressure polymerizations, continuous micro-reactors, or low volume synthesis in well plates or disposable vials [18]. Another powerful application of HT/HO techniques combines arrays of reactants under a small set of containers to make large collections of polymer libraries with targeted properties.
This contribution describes the existing possibilities of performing polymer synthesis utilizing HT/HO automated platforms and workflows. A brief intro-duction to HT/HO platforms adapted to polymer synthesis is provided. In addition, an overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of HT/HO screenings of polymeric materials is critically analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the advantages, impact, limitations, trends, and future developments on HT/HO techniques. Furthermore, innovations in HT/HO approaches utilized in polymer science are exemplified by covering recent advances of RDRP techniques. Finally, the importance of computational science applied to HT/HO techniques is high-lighted. The use of emerging methodologies such as machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) is envisioned to accelerate and simplify the systematic discovery and evaluation of structure–property relationships in novel polymer systems.
For details:
High-Throughput/High-Output Experimentation in Polymer Research
Víctor D. Lechuga-Islas 1,3, Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez 1,2, Ramiro Guerrero-Santos 3, Jürgen Vitz 1,2, and Ulrich S. Schubert 1,2
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena,
Germany - Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada (CIQA), Saltillo, Mexico
Macromolecular Engineering: From Precise Synthesis to Macroscopic Materials and Applications, Second Edition. Edited by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Yves Gnanou, Nikos Hadjichristidis
and Murugappan Muthukumar.
© 2022 WILEY-VCH GmbH. Published 2022 by WILEY-VCH Gmbh.
DOI: 10.1002/9783527815562.mme0025
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