ACS Publications
Hybrid, e.g. organic inorganic, perovskites from the type methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3), are promising solar cell materials. However, due to the large parameter space spanned by the manifold combinations of divalent metals with organic cations and anions, an efficient approach is needed to rapidly test and categorize new promising materials. Herein, we developed a high throughput approach for the automated synthesis of perovskite layers with different precursor ratios at varying annealing temperatures. The layers were analyzed by optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and evaluated using two different procedures. The first one is a stepwise exclusion of non-performing reactant ratios and synthesis conditions by using both spectroscopic techniques, followed by a final validation of the procedure by XRD. In the second procedure, only PL results were consulted in combination with high throughput screening using design of experiments (DoE) to reduce the total number of experiments needed and compared to the manual cascade approach. Noteworthy, by simple PL screening, it was possible to identify the best ratio of perovskite to byproducts and annealing temperature. Thus, only with PL more detailed results as with the manual protocol were reached, while at the same time the effort for characterization was significantly reduced (by 60 % of the experimental time). In conclusion, our approach opens a way towards fast and efficient identification of new promising materials at different reaction and process conditions.
For details: Rapid characterization and parameter space exploration of perovskites using an automated routine
Elisabeth Reinhardt a, Ahmed M. Salaheldin a, Monica Distaso a, Doris Segets b and Wolfgang Peukert a
a Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
b Process Technology for Electrochemical Functional Materials, Institute for Combustion and Gas Dynamics – Reactive Fluids (IVG-RF), and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen (UDE), 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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ACS Publications
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00068
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